The Legacy of Ceylon Tea
Tea Production in Sri Lanka: A Rich Heritage Brewed to Perfection
Tea Production in Sri Lanka: once known as Ceylon, Sri Lanka is globally famous for producing some of the world’s finest teas. The country’s tea industry began in the 19th century after a devastating coffee blight pushed planters to experiment with tea cultivation. Ceylon Tea is celebrated for its exceptional flavour, purity, and quality.
Historical Roots and Industry Evolution
In 1867, James Taylor established Sri Lanka’s first tea plantation at Loolecondera, marking the start of a rapidly growing industry. By the late 19th century, Sri Lanka had become a leading tea producer. Government land reforms in the 1970s shifted ownership toward the state, while later privatization improved efficiency and global competitiveness.
Scale, Employment & Economic Impact
Sri Lanka is the fourth-largest tea producer and third-largest exporter globally, producing around 300–340 million kilograms annually. Tea contributes roughly 2% of GDP and earns over USD 1.3 billion in annual export revenue. The sector provides direct and indirect employment to nearly one million people, with smallholder farmers accounting for approximately 70% of total production.
Tea-Growing Zones & Unique Flavours
Sri Lanka’s diverse elevations create distinct tea profiles:
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High-grown (above 1,200 m): Regions like Nuwara Eliya, Uva, and Dimbula produce light, floral teas.
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Mid-grown (600–1,200 m): Areas such as Kandy and Uda Pussellawa offer aromatic, well-balanced teas.
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Low-grown (sea level to 600 m): Ruhuna and Sabaragamuwa yield strong, full-bodied teas favoured for blends.
The Sri Lanka Tea Board protects regional branding, ensuring each origin maintains its unique flavour profile and authenticity.
Quality, Certifications & Sustainability Initiatives
Sri Lanka maintains stringent quality control standards such as ISO 3720 and ISO 22000. Ceylon Tea is certified by Fair Trade and Rainforest Alliance and labelled Ozone Friendly. Producers have embraced environmentally friendly practices, including renewable energy projects and the elimination of harmful chemicals. Digital tea auctions introduced during the pandemic have increased transparency and strengthened market performance.
Challenges & Future Outlook
The industry faces rising production costs, climate change impacts, declining yields, and the need for replanting. However, Sri Lanka’s strong global reputation, premium positioning, and investment in sustainable practices offer a promising path forward. By modernising cultivation techniques, expanding niche markets, and enhancing branding, Ceylon Tea can continue to thrive in a competitive global market.
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